netic component, but the exact genes involved are not fully understood. The risk of preeclampsia is influenced by the genetics of both the mother and the fetus.
Genetic factors
- TNFSF13BA gene that regulates the immune response to inflammation, infections, and autoimmune responses
- VEGFA gene that has been linked to an increased risk of preeclampsia in both African American and Caucasian women
- TNFαA gene that is associated with endothelial activation and an increased risk of preeclampsia
- ROCK2A gene that is expressed in smooth muscle cells and syncytiotrophoblast cells of the placenta
Other risk factors Family history, Socioeconomic status, Chronic hypertension or diabetes, and Residence at high altitudes.
Inheritance pattern
- The tendency to develop preeclampsia can be affected by genetic variations carried by either parent
- The inheritance pattern is unknown in some families with a strong family history of the disorder
- Many cases of preeclampsia occur in women with no known history of the disorder in their families
Polygenic risk score
A polygenic risk score (PRS) can be used to estimate an individual’s genetic risk of preeclampsia.
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