Retinoblastoma is a rare eye cancer that primarily affects children, usually before age 5, arising from the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preventing vision loss and stopping the cancer from spreading.
Here’s a more detailed explanation:
- What it is:Retinoblastoma is a cancer that develops in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye.
- Who it affects:It’s most common in children younger than 5, with most cases diagnosed before age 2.
- How it develops:It’s caused by a change (mutation) in the RB1 gene, which can be inherited or occur spontaneously.
- Types:
- Unilateral: Affects one eye.
- Bilateral: Affects both eyes.
- Symptoms:
- Leukocoria: A white reflex in the pupil (sometimes called “cat’s eye” reflex).
- Strabismus: Eyes that appear to be looking in different directions.
- Poor vision .
- Eye pain or redness .
- Enlarged eye .
- Bulging eye .
- Diagnosis:
- Red reflex test: A simple test to check for leukocoria.
- Eye exam: A thorough examination by an ophthalmologist.
- Imaging tests: Such as MRI or CT scans.
- Treatment:
- Chemotherapy .
- Laser therapy .
- Cryotherapy .
- Radiation therapy .
- Surgery .
- Prognosis:With early diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis for children with retinoblastoma is very good, with a high chance of survival.
- Prevention:There is no known way to prevent retinoblastoma, but early detection and treatment are crucial.
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